From af56af7961e78477336c5132b92db3acced981f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Anitra Cota Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2025 13:12:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Update 'The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive' --- ...tated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md | 76 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+) create mode 100644 The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md diff --git a/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d20b4de --- /dev/null +++ b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +
Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library developed to help with the [development](https://doop.africa) of reinforcement knowing algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are defined in [AI](https://nextodate.com) research, making released research study more easily reproducible [24] [144] while offering users with an easy user interface for connecting with these environments. In 2022, brand-new developments of Gym have actually been transferred to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146] +
Gym Retro
+
Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for support learning (RL) research study on video games [147] using RL algorithms and study generalization. Prior RL research focused mainly on optimizing agents to resolve single tasks. Gym Retro gives the capability to generalize in between games with comparable concepts but different looks.
+
RoboSumo
+
Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robot agents initially do not have understanding of how to even stroll, but are provided the objectives of discovering to move and [trademarketclassifieds.com](https://trademarketclassifieds.com/user/profile/2684771) to push the opposing agent out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial knowing procedure, the representatives learn how to adapt to altering conditions. When an agent is then gotten rid of from this virtual environment and put in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the representative braces to remain upright, recommending it had learned how to stabilize in a [generalized method](http://copyvance.com). [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competitors in between representatives could create an intelligence "arms race" that could increase a representative's capability to work even outside the context of the competitors. [148] +
OpenAI 5
+
OpenAI Five is a team of five OpenAI-curated bots [utilized](http://123.60.173.133000) in the competitive five-on-five video game Dota 2, that find out to play against human gamers at a high skill level completely through experimental algorithms. Before becoming a team of 5, the first public presentation happened at The International 2017, the yearly best champion competition for the game, where Dendi, an expert Ukrainian player, lost against a bot in a live individually matchup. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had found out by [playing](https://lius.familyds.org3000) against itself for two weeks of real time, and that the learning software was a step in the instructions of creating software that can [manage complicated](https://runningas.co.kr) tasks like a cosmetic surgeon. [152] [153] The system uses a type of support knowing, as the bots discover in time by playing against themselves hundreds of times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an enemy and taking map objectives. [154] [155] [156] +
By June 2018, the [ability](https://rejobbing.com) of the [bots expanded](https://git.jerrita.cn) to play together as a full team of 5, and they were able to defeat groups of amateur and semi-professional gamers. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in 2 exhibit matches against expert players, but ended up losing both video games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five beat OG, the reigning world champions of the [video game](https://wooshbit.com) at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibit match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' last public appearance came later that month, where they played in 42,729 total video games in a four-day open online competition, winning 99.4% of those games. [165] +
OpenAI 5's systems in Dota 2's bot player reveals the challenges of [AI](https://www.ubom.com) systems in [multiplayer online](https://shiapedia.1god.org) battle arena (MOBA) games and how OpenAI Five has actually demonstrated making use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents to attain superhuman skills in Dota 2 matches. [166] +
Dactyl
+
Developed in 2018, Dactyl utilizes maker discovering to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robotic hand, to control physical things. [167] It learns completely in simulation using the exact same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI dealt with the things orientation problem by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation technique which exposes the student to a range of experiences instead of trying to fit to reality. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having motion tracking video cameras, also has RGB cameras to enable the robot to manipulate an approximate things by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI revealed that the system was able to control a cube and an octagonal prism. [168] +
In 2019, OpenAI showed that Dactyl might resolve a Rubik's Cube. The robot was able to fix the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube introduce complicated physics that is harder to design. OpenAI did this by improving the toughness of Dactyl to perturbations by utilizing Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation approach of [producing progressively](https://www.referall.us) harder environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not needing a human to specify randomization ranges. [169] +
API
+
In June 2020, OpenAI revealed a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing brand-new [AI](http://shenjj.xyz:3000) designs developed by OpenAI" to let developers contact it for "any English language [AI](https://gitea.daysofourlives.cn:11443) task". [170] [171] +
Text generation
+
The business has promoted generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172] +
GPT design ("GPT-1")
+
The initial paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language design was composed by Alec Radford and his associates, and published in preprint on OpenAI's website on June 11, 2018. [173] It revealed how a generative design of language could obtain world knowledge and procedure long-range dependences by pre-training on a diverse corpus with long stretches of contiguous text.
+
GPT-2
+
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is a without supervision transformer language model and the successor to OpenAI's original GPT design ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with just minimal demonstrative versions initially [launched](https://truthbook.social) to the general public. The full variation of GPT-2 was not immediately launched due to concern about potential abuse, consisting of applications for composing fake news. [174] Some professionals expressed uncertainty that GPT-2 positioned a significant threat.
+
In reaction to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to identify "neural phony news". [175] Other researchers, such as Jeremy Howard, warned of "the technology to completely fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would muffle all other speech and be difficult to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the complete version of the GPT-2 language design. [177] Several sites host interactive presentations of different circumstances of GPT-2 and other transformer designs. [178] [179] [180] +
GPT-2's authors argue unsupervised language models to be general-purpose learners, illustrated by GPT-2 attaining state-of-the-art precision and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot jobs (i.e. the design was not more trained on any task-specific input-output examples).
+
The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains somewhat 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with a minimum of 3 upvotes. It prevents certain problems encoding vocabulary with word tokens by using byte pair encoding. This permits representing any string of characters by encoding both private characters and [multiple-character](https://my-sugar.co.il) tokens. [181] +
GPT-3
+
First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a without supervision transformer language design and the [successor](https://innovator24.com) to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI mentioned that the full variation of GPT-3 contained 175 billion parameters, [184] 2 orders of magnitude bigger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the complete version of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 designs with as few as 125 million specifications were likewise trained). [186] +
OpenAI mentioned that GPT-3 [prospered](https://postyourworld.com) at certain "meta-learning" tasks and could generalize the purpose of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper provided examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer knowing between English and Romanian, and in between English and German. [184] +
GPT-3 considerably improved benchmark results over GPT-2. OpenAI cautioned that such scaling-up of language designs could be approaching or encountering the basic ability constraints of [predictive language](https://www.ch-valence-pro.fr) models. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 [required](http://shammahglobalplacements.com) a number of thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of calculate, [compared](http://www.hcmis.cn) to tens of petaflop/s-days for the complete GPT-2 model. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained design was not instantly released to the general public for issues of possible abuse, although OpenAI planned to enable gain access to through a paid cloud API after a [two-month complimentary](https://gogs.zhongzhongtech.com) private beta that started in June 2020. [170] [189] +
On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was licensed solely to Microsoft. [190] [191] +
Codex
+
Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has furthermore been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://selfloveaffirmations.net) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was launched in private beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the design can produce working code in over a dozen programming languages, most successfully in Python. [192] +
Several problems with problems, design flaws and security vulnerabilities were cited. [195] [196] +
GitHub Copilot has been [implicated](https://git.adminkin.pro) of producing copyrighted code, with no author attribution or license. [197] +
OpenAI revealed that they would stop [assistance](http://106.15.120.1273000) for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198] +
GPT-4
+
On March 14, 2023, OpenAI announced the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), capable of accepting text or image inputs. [199] They announced that the updated innovation passed a simulated law school bar test with a rating around the leading 10% of [test takers](http://106.15.41.156). (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 might likewise read, evaluate or generate up to 25,000 words of text, and compose code in all significant programming languages. [200] +
Observers reported that the model of ChatGPT utilizing GPT-4 was an enhancement on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained a few of the problems with earlier revisions. [201] GPT-4 is also efficient in taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has actually declined to expose numerous technical details and data about GPT-4, such as the precise size of the design. [203] +
GPT-4o
+
On May 13, 2024, OpenAI revealed and launched GPT-4o, which can process and produce text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained cutting edge lead to voice, multilingual, and vision standards, setting new records in audio speech recognition and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) standard compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207] +
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI launched GPT-4o mini, a smaller variation of GPT-4o changing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the [ChatGPT interface](https://git.qoto.org). Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be especially useful for business, start-ups and developers seeking to [automate](https://wiki.whenparked.com) services with [AI](http://ipc.gdguanhui.com:3001) agents. [208] +
o1
+
On September 12, 2024, OpenAI released the o1-preview and o1-mini models, which have been created to take more time to think of their reactions, resulting in higher accuracy. These designs are particularly efficient in science, coding, and thinking tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Employee. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1[-preview](https://forum.freeadvice.com) was changed by o1. [211] +
o3
+
On December 20, 2024, OpenAI unveiled o3, the follower of the o1 thinking model. OpenAI likewise revealed o3-mini, a lighter and faster variation of OpenAI o3. As of December 21, 2024, this design is not available for public usage. According to OpenAI, they are evaluating o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, [yewiki.org](https://www.yewiki.org/User:NicholMoreau4) security and security researchers had the opportunity to obtain early access to these models. [214] The design is called o3 rather than o2 to prevent confusion with telecoms companies O2. [215] +
Deep research
+
Deep research is a representative established by OpenAI, unveiled on February 2, 2025. It leverages the abilities of OpenAI's o3 model to perform comprehensive web browsing, information analysis, and synthesis, delivering detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to 30 minutes. [216] With browsing and Python tools allowed, it reached a precision of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) criteria. [120] +
Image classification
+
CLIP
+
Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a design that is trained to analyze the [semantic similarity](https://gitea.thuispc.dynu.net) between text and images. It can especially be used for image classification. [217] +
Text-to-image
+
DALL-E
+
Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer design that [produces](http://406.gotele.net) images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E utilizes a 12-billion-parameter [variation](http://www.boot-gebraucht.de) of GPT-3 to analyze natural language inputs (such as "a green leather handbag formed like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and generate matching images. It can produce images of sensible objects ("a stained-glass window with an image of a blue strawberry") in addition to objects that do not exist in [reality](https://git.xantxo-coquillard.fr) ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). As of March 2021, no API or code is available.
+
DALL-E 2
+
In April 2022, OpenAI announced DALL-E 2, an updated version of the design with more reasonable outcomes. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI published on GitHub software application for Point-E, a brand-new primary system for transforming a text description into a 3-dimensional design. [220] +
DALL-E 3
+
In September 2023, OpenAI announced DALL-E 3, a more powerful model better able to [generate](https://ukcarers.co.uk) images from complex descriptions without manual timely engineering and render complex [details](http://carpetube.com) like hands and [setiathome.berkeley.edu](https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/view_profile.php?userid=11880731) text. [221] It was launched to the public as a ChatGPT Plus feature in October. [222] +
Text-to-video
+
Sora
+
Sora is a text-to-video design that can produce videos based on short detailed prompts [223] in addition to extend existing videos forwards or in reverse in time. [224] It can produce videos with resolution up to 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The optimum length of produced videos is unknown.
+
Sora's development group called it after the Japanese word for "sky", to signify its "endless imaginative potential". [223] Sora's innovation is an adjustment of the technology behind the DALL ยท E 3 text-to-image model. [225] OpenAI trained the system using publicly-available videos as well as copyrighted videos certified for that purpose, however did not reveal the number or the precise sources of the videos. [223] +
OpenAI demonstrated some Sora-created high-definition videos to the public on February 15, 2024, stating that it could generate videos up to one minute long. It likewise shared a technical report highlighting the approaches used to train the design, and the model's capabilities. [225] It acknowledged some of its drawbacks, including battles mimicing complicated physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the demonstration videos "outstanding", but kept in mind that they need to have been cherry-picked and may not represent Sora's common output. [225] +
Despite uncertainty from some academic leaders following Sora's public demo, significant entertainment-industry figures have actually shown considerable interest in the innovation's capacity. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry revealed his astonishment at the technology's ability to generate realistic video from text descriptions, citing its prospective to change storytelling and [material development](http://51.222.156.2503000). He said that his excitement about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had decided to stop briefly [prepare](https://jobs.web4y.online) for expanding his Atlanta-based film studio. [227] +
Speech-to-text
+
Whisper
+
Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech [recognition](https://familytrip.kr) model. [228] It is trained on a big dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task model that can perform multilingual speech [recognition](https://www.locumsanesthesia.com) as well as speech translation and language recognition. [229] +
Music generation
+
MuseNet
+
Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to anticipate subsequent musical notes in MIDI music files. It can produce songs with 10 instruments in 15 designs. According to The Verge, a tune produced by MuseNet tends to begin fairly however then fall into chaos the longer it plays. [230] [231] In popular culture, preliminary applications of this tool were used as early as 2020 for the web mental thriller Ben Drowned to produce music for the titular character. [232] [233] +
Jukebox
+
Released in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to generate music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a genre, artist, and a snippet of lyrics and outputs song samples. OpenAI stated the songs "reveal local musical coherence [and] follow standard chord patterns" but acknowledged that the songs do not have "familiar bigger musical structures such as choruses that repeat" which "there is a significant space" between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge mentioned "It's highly excellent, even if the outcomes sound like mushy versions of songs that may feel familiar", while [Business Insider](https://thewerffreport.com) mentioned "remarkably, some of the resulting songs are memorable and sound genuine". [234] [235] [236] +
Interface
+
Debate Game
+
In 2018, [OpenAI launched](http://121.199.172.2383000) the Debate Game, [links.gtanet.com.br](https://links.gtanet.com.br/sharidarr65) which teaches devices to debate toy problems in front of a human judge. The purpose is to research whether such an approach might help in auditing [AI](http://git.idiosys.co.uk) decisions and in establishing explainable [AI](https://iamzoyah.com). [237] [238] +
Microscope
+
Released in 2020, [Microscope](http://lesstagiaires.com) [239] is a collection of visualizations of every substantial layer and nerve cell of eight neural network designs which are typically studied in interpretability. [240] Microscope was created to evaluate the functions that form inside these neural networks quickly. The models included are AlexNet, VGG-19, various versions of Inception, and different variations of CLIP Resnet. [241] +
ChatGPT
+
Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is an expert system tool developed on top of GPT-3 that provides a conversational user interface that permits users to ask questions in natural language. The system then responds with an answer within seconds.
\ No newline at end of file