From the uDemy course on LLM engineering.
https://www.udemy.com/course/llm-engineering-master-ai-and-large-language-models
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459 lines
16 KiB
459 lines
16 KiB
{ |
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"cells": [ |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "4e2a9393-7767-488e-a8bf-27c12dca35bd", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# imports\n", |
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"\n", |
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"import os\n", |
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"import requests\n", |
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"from dotenv import load_dotenv\n", |
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"from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n", |
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"from IPython.display import Markdown, display\n", |
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"from openai import OpenAI\n", |
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"\n", |
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"# If you get an error running this cell, then please head over to the troubleshooting notebook!" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "6900b2a8-6384-4316-8aaa-5e519fca4254", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"# Connecting to OpenAI\n", |
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"\n", |
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"The next cell is where we load in the environment variables in your `.env` file and connect to OpenAI.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"## Troubleshooting if you have problems:\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Head over to the [troubleshooting](troubleshooting.ipynb) notebook in this folder for step by step code to identify the root cause and fix it!\n", |
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"\n", |
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"If you make a change, try restarting the \"Kernel\" (the python process sitting behind this notebook) by Kernel menu >> Restart Kernel and Clear Outputs of All Cells. Then try this notebook again, starting at the top.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Or, contact me! Message me or email ed@edwarddonner.com and we will get this to work.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Any concerns about API costs? See my notes in the README - costs should be minimal, and you can control it at every point. You can also use Ollama as a free alternative, which we discuss during Day 2." |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "7b87cadb-d513-4303-baee-a37b6f938e4d", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# Load environment variables in a file called .env\n", |
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"\n", |
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"load_dotenv(override=True)\n", |
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"api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')\n", |
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"\n", |
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"# Check the key\n", |
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"\n", |
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"if not api_key:\n", |
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" print(\"No API key was found - please head over to the troubleshooting notebook in this folder to identify & fix!\")\n", |
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"elif not api_key.startswith(\"sk-proj-\"):\n", |
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" print(\"An API key was found, but it doesn't start sk-proj-; please check you're using the right key - see troubleshooting notebook\")\n", |
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"elif api_key.strip() != api_key:\n", |
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" print(\"An API key was found, but it looks like it might have space or tab characters at the start or end - please remove them - see troubleshooting notebook\")\n", |
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"else:\n", |
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" print(\"API key found and looks good so far!\")\n" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "019974d9-f3ad-4a8a-b5f9-0a3719aea2d3", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"openai = OpenAI()\n", |
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"\n", |
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"# If this doesn't work, try Kernel menu >> Restart Kernel and Clear Outputs Of All Cells, then run the cells from the top of this notebook down.\n", |
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"# If it STILL doesn't work (horrors!) then please see the Troubleshooting notebook in this folder for full instructions" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "442fc84b-0815-4f40-99ab-d9a5da6bda91", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"# Let's make a quick call to a Frontier model to get started, as a preview!" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "a58394bf-1e45-46af-9bfd-01e24da6f49a", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# To give you a preview -- calling OpenAI with these messages is this easy. Any problems, head over to the Troubleshooting notebook.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"message = \"Hello, GPT! This is my first ever message to you! Hi!\"\n", |
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"response = openai.chat.completions.create(model=\"gpt-4o-mini\", messages=[{\"role\":\"user\", \"content\":message}])\n", |
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"print(response.choices[0].message.content)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "2aa190e5-cb31-456a-96cc-db109919cd78", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"## OK onwards with our first project" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "c5e793b2-6775-426a-a139-4848291d0463", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# A class to represent a Webpage\n", |
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"# If you're not familiar with Classes, check out the \"Intermediate Python\" notebook\n", |
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"# Some websites need you to use proper headers when fetching them:\n", |
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"headers = {\n", |
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" \"User-Agent\": \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.0.0 Safari/537.36\"\n", |
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"}\n", |
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"\n", |
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"class Website:\n", |
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"\n", |
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" def __init__(self, url):\n", |
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" \"\"\"\n", |
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" Create this Website object from the given url using the BeautifulSoup library\n", |
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" \"\"\"\n", |
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" self.url = url\n", |
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" response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)\n", |
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" soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')\n", |
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" self.title = soup.title.string if soup.title else \"No title found\"\n", |
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" for irrelevant in soup.body([\"script\", \"style\", \"img\", \"input\"]):\n", |
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" irrelevant.decompose()\n", |
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" self.text = soup.body.get_text(separator=\"\\n\", strip=True)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "2ef960cf-6dc2-4cda-afb3-b38be12f4c97", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# Let's try one out. Change the website and add print statements to follow along.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"ed = Website(\"https://docs.databricks.com/en/catalog-explorer/index.html\")\n", |
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"print(ed.title)\n", |
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"print(ed.text)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "6a478a0c-2c53-48ff-869c-4d08199931e1", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"## Types of prompts\n", |
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"\n", |
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"You may know this already - but if not, you will get very familiar with it!\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Models like GPT4o have been trained to receive instructions in a particular way.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"They expect to receive:\n", |
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"\n", |
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"**A system prompt** that tells them what task they are performing and what tone they should use\n", |
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"\n", |
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"**A user prompt** -- the conversation starter that they should reply to" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "abdb8417-c5dc-44bc-9bee-2e059d162699", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# Define our system prompt - you can experiment with this later, changing the last sentence to 'Respond in markdown in Spanish.\"\n", |
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"\n", |
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"system_prompt = \"You are an assistant that analyzes the contents of a website \\\n", |
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"and provides a very short summary, ignoring text that might be navigation related. \\\n", |
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"Respond in markdown. Be consice and tone should be professional\"" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "f0275b1b-7cfe-4f9d-abfa-7650d378da0c", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# A function that writes a User Prompt that asks for summaries of websites:\n", |
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"\n", |
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"def user_prompt_for(website):\n", |
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" user_prompt = f\" You are looking at a website titled {website.title}\"\n", |
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" user_prompt += \" The contents of this website is as follows; \\\n", |
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"please provide a short summary of this website in markdown.\"\n", |
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" user_prompt += website.text\n", |
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" return user_prompt" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "26448ec4-5c00-4204-baec-7df91d11ff2e", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"print(user_prompt_for(ed))" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "ea211b5f-28e1-4a86-8e52-c0b7677cadcc", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"## Messages\n", |
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"\n", |
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"The API from OpenAI expects to receive messages in a particular structure.\n", |
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"Many of the other APIs share this structure:\n", |
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"\n", |
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"```\n", |
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"[\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": \"system message goes here\"},\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"user message goes here\"}\n", |
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"]\n", |
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"\n", |
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"To give you a preview, the next 2 cells make a rather simple call - we won't stretch the might GPT (yet!)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "f25dcd35-0cd0-4235-9f64-ac37ed9eaaa5", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "21ed95c5-7001-47de-a36d-1d6673b403ce", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"messages = [\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": \"You are a professional assistant that starts the response with a random fact about databases\"},\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"What is 2 ^ 22?\"}\n", |
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"]\n", |
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"# To give you a preview -- calling OpenAI with system and user messages:\n", |
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"\n", |
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"response = openai.chat.completions.create(model=\"gpt-4o-mini\", messages=messages)\n", |
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"print(response.choices[0].message.content)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "d06e8d78-ce4c-4b05-aa8e-17050c82bb47", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"## And now let's build useful messages for GPT-4o-mini, using a function" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "0134dfa4-8299-48b5-b444-f2a8c3403c88", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# See how this function creates exactly the format above\n", |
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"\n", |
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"def messages_for(website):\n", |
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" return [\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": system_prompt},\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": user_prompt_for(website)}\n", |
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" ]" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "36478464-39ee-485c-9f3f-6a4e458dbc9c", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# Try this out, and then try for a few more websites\n", |
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"\n", |
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"messages_for(ed)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "16f49d46-bf55-4c3e-928f-68fc0bf715b0", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"## Time to bring it together - the API for OpenAI is very simple!" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "905b9919-aba7-45b5-ae65-81b3d1d78e34", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# And now: call the OpenAI API. You will get very familiar with this!\n", |
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"\n", |
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"def summarize(url):\n", |
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" website = Website(url)\n", |
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" response = openai.chat.completions.create(\n", |
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" model = \"gpt-4o-mini\",\n", |
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" messages = messages_for(website)\n", |
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" )\n", |
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" return response.choices[0].message.content" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "05e38d41-dfa4-4b20-9c96-c46ea75d9fb5", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"summarize(\"https://edwarddonner.com\")" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "3d926d59-450e-4609-92ba-2d6f244f1342", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# A function to display this nicely in the Jupyter output, using markdown\n", |
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"\n", |
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"def display_summary(url):\n", |
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" summary = summarize(url)\n", |
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" display(Markdown(summary))" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "3018853a-445f-41ff-9560-d925d1774b2f", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"display_summary(\"https://docs.databricks.com/en/catalog-explorer/index.html\")" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "b3bcf6f4-adce-45e9-97ad-d9a5d7a3a624", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"# Let's try more websites\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Note that this will only work on websites that can be scraped using this simplistic approach.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Websites that are rendered with Javascript, like React apps, won't show up. See the community-contributions folder for a Selenium implementation that gets around this. You'll need to read up on installing Selenium (ask ChatGPT!)\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Also Websites protected with CloudFront (and similar) may give 403 errors - many thanks Andy J for pointing this out.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"But many websites will work just fine!" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "45d83403-a24c-44b5-84ac-961449b4008f", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"display_summary(\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databricks\")" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "75e9fd40-b354-4341-991e-863ef2e59db7", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"display_summary(\"https://anthropic.com\")" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "code", |
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"execution_count": null, |
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"id": "00743dac-0e70-45b7-879a-d7293a6f68a6", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"outputs": [], |
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"source": [ |
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"# Step 1: Create your prompts\n", |
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"system_prompt = \"\"\"You are an experienced customer service representative for a luxury hotel chain. Always maintain a professional and courteous tone. Focus on providing detailed solutions while showing empathy for guest concerns. Your responses should be concise yet thorough, and prioritize guest satisfaction. Never disclose confidential hotel policies or room rates. Format your responses with proper paragraphs and bullet points when listing multiple items.\n", |
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"\"\"\"\n", |
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"\n", |
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"user_prompt = \"\"\"\n", |
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" Write a 100-word essay on the impact of social media on modern society, including both benefits and drawbacks\n", |
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"\"\"\"\n", |
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"\n", |
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"\n", |
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"messages = [\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": system_prompt},\n", |
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" {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": user_prompt}\n", |
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"]\n", |
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"\n", |
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"response = openai.chat.completions.create(model=\"gpt-4o-mini\", messages=messages)\n", |
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"print(response.choices[0].message.content)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "36ed9f14-b349-40e9-a42c-b367e77f8bda", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"## An extra exercise for those who enjoy web scraping\n", |
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"\n", |
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"You may notice that if you try `display_summary(\"https://openai.com\")` - it doesn't work! That's because OpenAI has a fancy website that uses Javascript. There are many ways around this that some of you might be familiar with. For example, Selenium is a hugely popular framework that runs a browser behind the scenes, renders the page, and allows you to query it. If you have experience with Selenium, Playwright or similar, then feel free to improve the Website class to use them. In the community-contributions folder, you'll find an example Selenium solution from a student (thank you!)" |
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] |
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}, |
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{ |
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"cell_type": "markdown", |
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"id": "eeab24dc-5f90-4570-b542-b0585aca3eb6", |
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"metadata": {}, |
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"source": [ |
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"# Sharing your code\n", |
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"\n", |
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"I'd love it if you share your code afterwards so I can share it with others! You'll notice that some students have already made changes (including a Selenium implementation) which you will find in the community-contributions folder. If you'd like add your changes to that folder, submit a Pull Request with your new versions in that folder and I'll merge your changes.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"If you're not an expert with git (and I am not!) then GPT has given some nice instructions on how to submit a Pull Request. It's a bit of an involved process, but once you've done it once it's pretty clear. As a pro-tip: it's best if you clear the outputs of your Jupyter notebooks (Edit >> Clean outputs of all cells, and then Save) for clean notebooks.\n", |
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"\n", |
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"Here are good instructions courtesy of an AI friend: \n", |
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"https://chatgpt.com/share/677a9cb5-c64c-8012-99e0-e06e88afd293" |
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] |
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} |
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], |
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"metadata": { |
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"kernelspec": { |
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"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", |
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"language": "python", |
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"name": "python3" |
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}, |
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"language_info": { |
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"codemirror_mode": { |
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"name": "ipython", |
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"version": 3 |
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}, |
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"file_extension": ".py", |
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"mimetype": "text/x-python", |
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"name": "python", |
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python", |
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3", |
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"version": "3.11.11" |
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} |
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}, |
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"nbformat": 4, |
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"nbformat_minor": 5 |
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}
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