{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "dfe37963-1af6-44fc-a841-8e462443f5e6",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Expert Knowledge Worker\n",
"\n",
"### A question answering agent that is an expert knowledge worker\n",
"### To be used by employees of Insurellm, an Insurance Tech company\n",
"### The agent needs to be accurate and the solution should be low cost.\n",
"\n",
"This project will use RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) to ensure our question/answering assistant has high accuracy.\n",
"\n",
"This first implementation will use a simple, brute-force type of RAG.."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "ba2779af-84ef-4227-9e9e-6eaf0df87e77",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# imports\n",
"\n",
"import os\n",
"import glob\n",
"from dotenv import load_dotenv\n",
"import gradio as gr"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "802137aa-8a74-45e0-a487-d1974927d7ca",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# imports for langchain, plotly and Chroma\n",
"\n",
"from langchain.document_loaders import DirectoryLoader, TextLoader\n",
"from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter\n",
"from langchain.schema import Document\n",
"from langchain_openai import OpenAIEmbeddings, ChatOpenAI\n",
"from langchain_chroma import Chroma\n",
"import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
"from sklearn.manifold import TSNE\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"from langchain.memory import ConversationBufferMemory\n",
"from langchain.chains import ConversationalRetrievalChain"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "58c85082-e417-4708-9efe-81a5d55d1424",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# price is a factor for our company, so we're going to use a low cost model\n",
"\n",
"MODEL = \"gpt-4o-mini\"\n",
"db_name = \"vector_db\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "ee78efcb-60fe-449e-a944-40bab26261af",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Load environment variables in a file called .env\n",
"\n",
"load_dotenv()\n",
"os.environ['OPENAI_API_KEY'] = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY', 'your-key-if-not-using-env')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "730711a9-6ffe-4eee-8f48-d6cfb7314905",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Read in documents using LangChain's loaders\n",
"# Take everything in all the sub-folders of our knowledgebase\n",
"\n",
"folders = glob.glob(\"knowledge-base/*\")\n",
"\n",
"def add_metadata(doc, doc_type):\n",
" doc.metadata[\"doc_type\"] = doc_type\n",
" return doc\n",
"\n",
"# With thanks to Jon R, a student on the course, for this fix needed for some users \n",
"text_loader_kwargs={'autodetect_encoding': True}\n",
"\n",
"documents = []\n",
"for folder in folders:\n",
" doc_type = os.path.basename(folder)\n",
" loader = DirectoryLoader(folder, glob=\"**/*.md\", loader_cls=TextLoader, loader_kwargs=text_loader_kwargs)\n",
" folder_docs = loader.load()\n",
" documents.extend([add_metadata(doc, doc_type) for doc in folder_docs])\n",
"\n",
"text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=200)\n",
"chunks = text_splitter.split_documents(documents)\n",
"\n",
"print(f\"Total number of chunks: {len(chunks)}\")\n",
"print(f\"Document types found: {set(doc.metadata['doc_type'] for doc in documents)}\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "77f7d2a6-ccfa-425b-a1c3-5e55b23bd013",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## A sidenote on Embeddings, and \"Auto-Encoding LLMs\"\n",
"\n",
"We will be mapping each chunk of text into a Vector that represents the meaning of the text, known as an embedding.\n",
"\n",
"OpenAI offers a model to do this, which we will use by calling their API with some LangChain code.\n",
"\n",
"This model is an example of an \"Auto-Encoding LLM\" which generates an output given a complete input.\n",
"It's different to all the other LLMs we've discussed today, which are known as \"Auto-Regressive LLMs\", and generate future tokens based only on past context.\n",
"\n",
"Another example of an Auto-Encoding LLMs is BERT from Google. In addition to embedding, Auto-encoding LLMs are often used for classification.\n",
"\n",
"More details in the resources."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "78998399-ac17-4e28-b15f-0b5f51e6ee23",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Put the chunks of data into a Vector Store that associates a Vector Embedding with each chunk\n",
"# Chroma is a popular open source Vector Database based on SQLLite\n",
"\n",
"embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()\n",
"\n",
"# Delete if already exists\n",
"\n",
"if os.path.exists(db_name):\n",
" Chroma(persist_directory=db_name, embedding_function=embeddings).delete_collection()\n",
"\n",
"# Create vectorstore\n",
"\n",
"vectorstore = Chroma.from_documents(documents=chunks, embedding=embeddings, persist_directory=db_name)\n",
"print(f\"Vectorstore created with {vectorstore._collection.count()} documents\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "ff2e7687-60d4-4920-a1d7-a34b9f70a250",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Let's investigate the vectors\n",
"\n",
"collection = vectorstore._collection\n",
"count = collection.count()\n",
"\n",
"sample_embedding = collection.get(limit=1, include=[\"embeddings\"])[\"embeddings\"][0]\n",
"dimensions = len(sample_embedding)\n",
"print(f\"There are {count:,} vectors with {dimensions:,} dimensions in the vector store\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "b0d45462-a818-441c-b010-b85b32bcf618",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Visualizing the Vector Store\n",
"\n",
"Let's take a minute to look at the documents and their embedding vectors to see what's going on."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b98adf5e-d464-4bd2-9bdf-bc5b6770263b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Prework (with thanks to Jon R for identifying and fixing a bug in this!)\n",
"\n",
"result = collection.get(include=['embeddings', 'documents', 'metadatas'])\n",
"vectors = np.array(result['embeddings'])\n",
"documents = result['documents']\n",
"metadatas = result['metadatas']\n",
"doc_types = [metadata['doc_type'] for metadata in metadatas]\n",
"colors = [['blue', 'green', 'red', 'orange'][['products', 'employees', 'contracts', 'company'].index(t)] for t in doc_types]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "427149d5-e5d8-4abd-bb6f-7ef0333cca21",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# We humans find it easier to visalize things in 2D!\n",
"# Reduce the dimensionality of the vectors to 2D using t-SNE\n",
"# (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding)\n",
"\n",
"tsne = TSNE(n_components=2, random_state=42)\n",
"reduced_vectors = tsne.fit_transform(vectors)\n",
"\n",
"# Create the 2D scatter plot\n",
"fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter(\n",
" x=reduced_vectors[:, 0],\n",
" y=reduced_vectors[:, 1],\n",
" mode='markers',\n",
" marker=dict(size=5, color=colors, opacity=0.8),\n",
" text=[f\"Type: {t}
Text: {d[:100]}...\" for t, d in zip(doc_types, documents)],\n",
" hoverinfo='text'\n",
")])\n",
"\n",
"fig.update_layout(\n",
" title='2D Chroma Vector Store Visualization',\n",
" scene=dict(xaxis_title='x',yaxis_title='y'),\n",
" width=800,\n",
" height=600,\n",
" margin=dict(r=20, b=10, l=10, t=40)\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "e1418e88-acd5-460a-bf2b-4e6efc88e3dd",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Let's try 3D!\n",
"\n",
"tsne = TSNE(n_components=3, random_state=42)\n",
"reduced_vectors = tsne.fit_transform(vectors)\n",
"\n",
"# Create the 3D scatter plot\n",
"fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Scatter3d(\n",
" x=reduced_vectors[:, 0],\n",
" y=reduced_vectors[:, 1],\n",
" z=reduced_vectors[:, 2],\n",
" mode='markers',\n",
" marker=dict(size=5, color=colors, opacity=0.8),\n",
" text=[f\"Type: {t}
Text: {d[:100]}...\" for t, d in zip(doc_types, documents)],\n",
" hoverinfo='text'\n",
")])\n",
"\n",
"fig.update_layout(\n",
" title='3D Chroma Vector Store Visualization',\n",
" scene=dict(xaxis_title='x', yaxis_title='y', zaxis_title='z'),\n",
" width=900,\n",
" height=700,\n",
" margin=dict(r=20, b=10, l=10, t=40)\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9468860b-86a2-41df-af01-b2400cc985be",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Time to use LangChain to bring it all together"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "129c7d1e-0094-4479-9459-f9360b95f244",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# create a new Chat with OpenAI\n",
"llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.7, model_name=MODEL)\n",
"\n",
"# set up the conversation memory for the chat\n",
"memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key='chat_history', return_messages=True)\n",
"\n",
"# the retriever is an abstraction over the VectorStore that will be used during RAG\n",
"retriever = vectorstore.as_retriever()\n",
"\n",
"# putting it together: set up the conversation chain with the GPT 3.5 LLM, the vector store and memory\n",
"conversation_chain = ConversationalRetrievalChain.from_llm(llm=llm, retriever=retriever, memory=memory)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "968e7bf2-e862-4679-a11f-6c1efb6ec8ca",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Let's try a simple question\n",
"\n",
"query = \"Please explain what Insurellm is in a couple of sentences\"\n",
"result = conversation_chain.invoke({\"question\": query})\n",
"print(result[\"answer\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bbbcb659-13ce-47ab-8a5e-01b930494964",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Now we will bring this up in Gradio using the Chat interface -\n",
"\n",
"A quick and easy way to prototype a chat with an LLM"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "c3536590-85c7-4155-bd87-ae78a1467670",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Wrapping that in a function\n",
"\n",
"def chat(question, history):\n",
" result = conversation_chain.invoke({\"question\": question})\n",
" return result[\"answer\"]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b252d8c1-61a8-406d-b57a-8f708a62b014",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# And in Gradio:\n",
"\n",
"view = gr.ChatInterface(chat).launch()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "b55e9abb-e1da-46c5-acba-911868aee329",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# Let's investigate what gets sent behind the scenes\n",
"\n",
"from langchain_core.callbacks import StdOutCallbackHandler\n",
"\n",
"llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.7, model_name=MODEL)\n",
"\n",
"memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key='chat_history', return_messages=True)\n",
"\n",
"retriever = vectorstore.as_retriever()\n",
"\n",
"conversation_chain = ConversationalRetrievalChain.from_llm(llm=llm, retriever=retriever, memory=memory, callbacks=[StdOutCallbackHandler()])\n",
"\n",
"query = \"Who received the prestigious IIOTY award in 2023?\"\n",
"result = conversation_chain.invoke({\"question\": query})\n",
"answer = result[\"answer\"]\n",
"print(\"\\nAnswer:\", answer)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "2136153b-d2f6-4c58-a0e3-78c3a932cf55",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# create a new Chat with OpenAI\n",
"llm = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.7, model_name=MODEL)\n",
"\n",
"# set up the conversation memory for the chat\n",
"memory = ConversationBufferMemory(memory_key='chat_history', return_messages=True)\n",
"\n",
"# the retriever is an abstraction over the VectorStore that will be used during RAG; k is how many chunks to use\n",
"retriever = vectorstore.as_retriever(search_kwargs={\"k\": 25})\n",
"\n",
"# putting it together: set up the conversation chain with the GPT 3.5 LLM, the vector store and memory\n",
"conversation_chain = ConversationalRetrievalChain.from_llm(llm=llm, retriever=retriever, memory=memory)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "5c2bfa3c-810b-441b-90d1-31533f14b1e3",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def chat(question, history):\n",
" result = conversation_chain.invoke({\"question\": question})\n",
" return result[\"answer\"]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "c736f33b-941e-4853-8eaf-2003bd988b18",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"view = gr.ChatInterface(chat).launch()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "644753e7-17f3-4999-a37a-b6aebf1e4579",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Exercises\n",
"\n",
"Try applying this to your own folder of data, so that you create a personal knowledge worker, an expert on your own information!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"id": "30b4745a-0a6c-4544-b78b-c827cfec1fb9",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
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