{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "d15d8294-3328-4e07-ad16-8a03e9bbfdb9", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Instant Gratification\n", "\n", "## Your first Frontier LLM Project!\n", "\n", "Let's build a useful LLM solution - in a matter of minutes.\n", "\n", "By the end of this course, you will have built an autonomous Agentic AI solution with 7 agents that collaborate to solve a business problem. All in good time! We will start with something smaller...\n", "\n", "Our goal is to code a new kind of Web Browser. Give it a URL, and it will respond with a summary. The Reader's Digest of the internet!!\n", "\n", "Before starting, you should have completed the setup for [PC](../SETUP-PC.md) or [Mac](../SETUP-mac.md) and you hopefully launched this jupyter lab from within the project root directory, with your environment activated.\n", "\n", "## If you're new to Jupyter Lab\n", "\n", "Welcome to the wonderful world of Data Science experimentation! Once you've used Jupyter Lab, you'll wonder how you ever lived without it. Simply click in each \"cell\" with code in it, such as the cell immediately below this text, and hit Shift+Return to execute that cell. As you wish, you can add a cell with the + button in the toolbar, and print values of variables, or try out variations. \n", "\n", "I've written a notebook called [Guide to Jupyter](Guide%20to%20Jupyter.ipynb) to help you get more familiar with Jupyter Labs, including adding Markdown comments, using `!` to run shell commands, and `tqdm` to show progress.\n", "\n", "If you prefer to work in IDEs like VSCode or Pycharm, they both work great with these lab notebooks too. \n", "\n", "## If you'd like to brush up your Python\n", "\n", "I've added a notebook called [Intermediate Python](Intermediate%20Python.ipynb) to get you up to speed. But you should give it a miss if you already have a good idea what this code does: \n", "`yield from {book.get(\"author\") for book in books if book.get(\"author\")}`\n", "\n", "## I am here to help\n", "\n", "If you have any problems at all, please do reach out. \n", "I'm available through the platform, or at ed@edwarddonner.com, or at https://www.linkedin.com/in/eddonner/ if you'd like to connect (and I love connecting!)\n", "\n", "## More troubleshooting\n", "\n", "Please see the [troubleshooting](troubleshooting.ipynb) notebook in this folder to diagnose and fix common problems.\n", "\n", "## If this is old hat!\n", "\n", "If you're already comfortable with today's material, please hang in there; you can move swiftly through the first few labs - we will get much more in depth as the weeks progress.\n", "\n", "## Business value of these exercises\n", "\n", "A final thought. While I've designed these notebooks to be educational, I've also tried to make them enjoyable. We'll do fun things like have LLMs tell jokes and argue with each other. But fundamentally, my goal is to teach skills you can apply in business. I'll explain business implications as we go, and it's worth keeping this in mind: as you build experience with models and techniques, think of ways you could put this into action at work today. Please do contact me if you'd like to discuss more or if you have ideas to bounce off me." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "4e2a9393-7767-488e-a8bf-27c12dca35bd", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# imports\n", "\n", "import os\n", "import requests\n", "from dotenv import load_dotenv\n", "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n", "from IPython.display import Markdown, display\n", "from openai import OpenAI\n", "\n", "# If you get an error running this cell, then please head over to the troubleshooting notebook!" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6900b2a8-6384-4316-8aaa-5e519fca4254", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Connecting to OpenAI\n", "\n", "The next cell is where we load in the environment variables in your `.env` file and connect to OpenAI.\n", "\n", "## Troubleshooting if you have problems:\n", "\n", "Head over to the [troubleshooting](troubleshooting.ipynb) notebook in this folder for step by step code to identify the root cause and fix it!\n", "\n", "If you make a change, try restarting the \"Kernel\" (the python process sitting behind this notebook) by Kernel menu >> Restart Kernel and Clear Outputs of All Cells. Then try this notebook again, starting at the top.\n", "\n", "Or, contact me! Message me or email ed@edwarddonner.com and we will get this to work.\n", "\n", "Any concerns about API costs? See my notes in the README - costs should be minimal, and you can control it at every point. You can also use Ollama as a free alternative, which we discuss during Day 2." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "7b87cadb-d513-4303-baee-a37b6f938e4d", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Load environment variables in a file called .env\n", "\n", "load_dotenv()\n", "api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')\n", "\n", "# Check the key\n", "\n", "if not api_key:\n", " print(\"No API key was found - please head over to the troubleshooting notebook in this folder to identify & fix!\")\n", "elif not api_key.startswith(\"sk-proj-\"):\n", " print(\"An API key was found, but it doesn't start sk-proj-; please check you're using the right key - see troubleshooting notebook\")\n", "elif api_key.strip() != api_key:\n", " print(\"An API key was found, but it looks like it might have space or tab characters at the start or end - please remove them - see troubleshooting notebook\")\n", "else:\n", " print(\"API key found and looks good so far!\")\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "019974d9-f3ad-4a8a-b5f9-0a3719aea2d3", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "openai = OpenAI()\n", "\n", "# If this doesn't work, try Kernel menu >> Restart Kernel and Clear Outputs Of All Cells, then run the cells from the top of this notebook down.\n", "# If it STILL doesn't work (horrors!) then please see the troubleshooting notebook, or try the below line instead:\n", "# openai = OpenAI(api_key=\"your-key-here-starting-sk-proj-\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "c5e793b2-6775-426a-a139-4848291d0463", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# A class to represent a Webpage\n", "# If you're not familiar with Classes, check out the \"Intermediate Python\" notebook\n", "\n", "class Website:\n", " \"\"\"\n", " A utility class to represent a Website that we have scraped\n", " \"\"\"\n", "\n", " def __init__(self, url):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " Create this Website object from the given url using the BeautifulSoup library\n", " \"\"\"\n", " self.url = url\n", " response = requests.get(url)\n", " soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')\n", " self.title = soup.title.string if soup.title else \"No title found\"\n", " for irrelevant in soup.body([\"script\", \"style\", \"img\", \"input\"]):\n", " irrelevant.decompose()\n", " self.text = soup.body.get_text(separator=\"\\n\", strip=True)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "2ef960cf-6dc2-4cda-afb3-b38be12f4c97", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Let's try one out\n", "\n", "ed = Website(\"https://edwarddonner.com\")\n", "print(ed.title)\n", "print(ed.text)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "6a478a0c-2c53-48ff-869c-4d08199931e1", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Types of prompts\n", "\n", "You may know this already - but if not, you will get very familiar with it!\n", "\n", "Models like GPT4o have been trained to receive instructions in a particular way.\n", "\n", "They expect to receive:\n", "\n", "**A system prompt** that tells them what task they are performing and what tone they should use\n", "\n", "**A user prompt** -- the conversation starter that they should reply to" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "abdb8417-c5dc-44bc-9bee-2e059d162699", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# Define our system prompt - you can experiment with this later, changing the last sentence to 'Respond in markdown in Spanish.\"\n", "\n", "system_prompt = \"You are an assistant that analyzes the contents of a website \\\n", "and provides a short summary, ignoring text that might be navigation related. \\\n", "Respond in markdown.\"" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "f0275b1b-7cfe-4f9d-abfa-7650d378da0c", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# A function that writes a User Prompt that asks for summaries of websites:\n", "\n", "def user_prompt_for(website):\n", " user_prompt = f\"You are looking at a website titled {website.title}\"\n", " user_prompt += \"\\nThe contents of this website is as follows; \\\n", "please provide a short summary of this website in markdown. \\\n", "If it includes news or announcements, then summarize these too.\\n\\n\"\n", " user_prompt += website.text\n", " return user_prompt" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "26448ec4-5c00-4204-baec-7df91d11ff2e", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "print(user_prompt_for(ed))" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ea211b5f-28e1-4a86-8e52-c0b7677cadcc", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Messages\n", "\n", "The API from OpenAI expects to receive messages in a particular structure.\n", "Many of the other APIs share this structure:\n", "\n", "```\n", "[\n", " {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": \"system message goes here\"},\n", " {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"user message goes here\"}\n", "]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "0134dfa4-8299-48b5-b444-f2a8c3403c88", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# See how this function creates exactly the format above\n", "\n", "def messages_for(website):\n", " return [\n", " {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": system_prompt},\n", " {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": user_prompt_for(website)}\n", " ]" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "36478464-39ee-485c-9f3f-6a4e458dbc9c", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "messages_for(ed)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "16f49d46-bf55-4c3e-928f-68fc0bf715b0", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Time to bring it together - the API for OpenAI is very simple!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "905b9919-aba7-45b5-ae65-81b3d1d78e34", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# And now: call the OpenAI API. You will get very familiar with this!\n", "\n", "def summarize(url):\n", " website = Website(url)\n", " response = openai.chat.completions.create(\n", " model = \"gpt-4o-mini\",\n", " messages = messages_for(website)\n", " )\n", " return response.choices[0].message.content" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "05e38d41-dfa4-4b20-9c96-c46ea75d9fb5", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "summarize(\"https://edwarddonner.com\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "3d926d59-450e-4609-92ba-2d6f244f1342", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "# A function to display this nicely in the Jupyter output, using markdown\n", "\n", "def display_summary(url):\n", " summary = summarize(url)\n", " display(Markdown(summary))" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "3018853a-445f-41ff-9560-d925d1774b2f", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "display_summary(\"https://edwarddonner.com\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "b3bcf6f4-adce-45e9-97ad-d9a5d7a3a624", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Let's try more websites\n", "\n", "Note that this will only work on websites that can be scraped using this simplistic approach.\n", "\n", "Websites that are rendered with Javascript, like React apps, won't show up. See the community-contributions folder for a Selenium implementation that gets around this. You'll need to read up on installing Selenium (ask ChatGPT!)\n", "\n", "Also Websites protected with CloudFront (and similar) may give 403 errors - many thanks Andy J for pointing this out.\n", "\n", "But many websites will work just fine!" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "45d83403-a24c-44b5-84ac-961449b4008f", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "display_summary(\"https://cnn.com\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "75e9fd40-b354-4341-991e-863ef2e59db7", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ "display_summary(\"https://anthropic.com\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "c951be1a-7f1b-448f-af1f-845978e47e2c", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Business Applications\n", "\n", "In this exercise, you experienced calling the API of a Frontier Model (a leading model at the frontier of AI) for the first time. This is broadly applicable across Gen AI use cases and we will be using APIs like OpenAI at many stages in the course, in addition to building our own LLMs.\n", "\n", "More specifically, we've applied this to Summarization - a classic Gen AI use case to make a summary. This can be applied to any business vertical - summarizing the news, summarizing financial performance, summarizing a resume in a cover letter - the applications are limitless. Consider how you could apply Summarization in your business, and try prototyping a solution." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "36ed9f14-b349-40e9-a42c-b367e77f8bda", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## An extra exercise for those who enjoy web scraping\n", "\n", "You may notice that if you try `display_summary(\"https://openai.com\")` - it doesn't work! That's because OpenAI has a fancy website that uses Javascript. There are many ways around this that some of you might be familiar with. For example, Selenium is a hugely popular framework that runs a browser behind the scenes, renders the page, and allows you to query it. If you have experience with Selenium, Playwright or similar, then feel free to improve the Website class to use them. In the community-contributions folder, you'll find an example Selenium solution from a student (thank you!)" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "eeab24dc-5f90-4570-b542-b0585aca3eb6", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Sharing your code\n", "\n", "I'd love it if you share your code afterwards so I can share it with others! You'll notice that some students have already made changes (including a Selenium implementation) which you will find in the community-contributions folder. If you'd like add your changes to that folder, submit a Pull Request with your new versions in that folder and I'll merge your changes.\n", "\n", "If you're not an expert with git (and I am not!) then GPT has given some nice instructions on how to submit a Pull Request. It's a bit of an involved process, but once you've done it once it's pretty clear. As a pro-tip: it's best if you clear the outputs of your Jupyter notebooks (Edit >> Clean outputs of all cells, and then Save) for clean notebooks.\n", "\n", "PR instructions courtesy of an AI friend: https://chatgpt.com/share/670145d5-e8a8-8012-8f93-39ee4e248b4c" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "id": "682eff74-55c4-4d4b-b267-703edbc293c7", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "codemirror_mode": { "name": "ipython", "version": 3 }, "file_extension": ".py", "mimetype": "text/x-python", "name": "python", "nbconvert_exporter": "python", "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", "version": "3.11.10" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }